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9.5 Application of Pressure

9.5.2 Hydrostatic Compression Force Field (HCFF)

(April 13, 2024)

The Hydrostatic Compression Force Field (HCFF) model was introduced by Stauch, Chakraborty and Head-Gordon. 1165 Stauch T., Chakraborty R., Head-Gordon M.
ChemPhysChem
(2019), 20, pp. 2742.
Link
In HCFF, mechanical forces that point towards the non-mass-weighted molecular centroid are used to compress a molecule. Care must be exercised when modeling extended molecules due to the tendency of HCFF to generate spherical geometries under very high pressure. 1168 Stauch T.
Int. J. Quantum Chem.
(2021), 121, pp. e26208.
Link
Also, the pressure input by the user is only a guess for the pressure that is applied to the molecule. The latter is calculated a posteriori based on the generated geometry and the molecular surface and is output as HCFF Macroscopic Pressure. Typically, the applied pressure is lower than the input pressure. It should be noted that the dependence on the nuclear gradient precludes the application of pressure to single atoms in HCFF. Moreover, the increase in electronic energy when compressing a molecule is typically underestimated by HCFF, since the pressure acts only on the nuclei, whereas the compression of electron density is not modeled directly. HCFF works with any electronic structure method for which a nuclear gradient is available.

Example 9.15  Geometry optimization of diborane under pressure using the HCFF model with an input pressure of 3808 MPa

$molecule
   0 1
   B     0.0000000000    0.0000000000    0.8917854534
   B     0.0000000000    0.0000000000   -0.8917854534
   H    -0.5244343500    0.9105724300    1.4720415209
   H     0.5244343500   -0.9105724300    1.4720415209
   H    -0.5244343500    0.9105724300   -1.4720415209
   H     0.5244343500   -0.9105724300   -1.4720415209
   H     0.8561835151    0.4929549655    0.0000000000
   H    -0.8561835151   -0.4929549655    0.0000000000
$end

$rem
   JOBTYPE            opt
   METHOD             m06-2x
   BASIS              6-311++G(d,p)
   DISTORT            true
$end

$distort
   model              hcff
   pressure           3808
   scaling            1.0
   npoints_heavy      590
   npoints_hydrogen   590
$end