An EOM-CC eigen-problem is solved by an iterative diagonalization procedure that avoids full diagonalization and only looks for several eigen-states, as specified by the XX_STATES keywords.
The default procedure is based on the modified Davidson diagonalization algorithm, as explained in Ref. 559. In addition to several keywords that control the convergence of algorithm, memory usage, and fine details of its execution, there are several important keywords that allow user to specify how the target state selection will be performed.
By default, the diagonalization looks for several lowest eigenstates, as specified by XX_STATES. The guess vectors are generated as singly excited determinants selected by using Koopmans’ theorem; the number of guess vectors is equal to the number of target states. If necessary, the user can increase the number of singly excited guess vectors (EOM_NGUESS_SINGLES) and include doubly excited guess vectors (EOM_NGUESS_DOUBLES).
Note: In CCMAN2, if there is not enough singly excited guess vectors, the algorithm adds doubly excited guess vectors. In CCMAN, doubly excited guess vectors are generated only if EOM_NGUESS_DOUBLES is invoked.
The user can request to pre-converge singles (solve the equations in singles-only block of the Hamiltonian. This is done by using EOM_PRECONV_SINGLES. In EOM-DEA/DIP calculations, one can pre-converge / amplitudes by using EOM_PRECONV_DOUBLES. In the CVS suite of methods, this option is invoked by CVS_EOM_PRECONV_SINGLES.
Note: In CCMAN, the user can pre-converge both singles and doubles blocks (EOM_PRECONV_SINGLES and EOM_PRECONV_DOUBLES) .
If a state (or several states) of a particular character is desired (e.g., excitation or ionization), the user can specify this by using EOM_USER_GUESS keyword and $eom_user_guess section, as illustrated by an example below. The algorithm will attempt to find an eigenstate that has the maximum overlap with this guess vector. The multiplicity of the state is determined as in the regular calculations, by using the XX_SINGLETS and EE_TRIPLETS keywords. This option is useful for looking for high-lying states such as core-ionized or core-excited states. It is only available with CCMAN2.
The examples below illustrate how to use user-specified guess in EOM calculations:
$eom_user_guess 4 Corresponds to 4(OCC)->5(VIRT) transition. 5 $end
or
$eom_user_guess 1 5 Ex. states corresponding to 1(OCC)->5(VIRT) and 1(OCC)->6(VIRT) 1 6 $end
In IP/EA calculations, only one set of orbitals is specified:
$eom_user_guess 4 5 6 $end
If IP_STATES is specified, this will invoke calculation of the EOM-IP states corresponding to the ionization from 4th, 5th, and 6th occupied MOs. If EA_STATES is requested, then EOM-EA equations will be solved for a root corresponding to electron-attachment to the 4th, 5th, and 6th virtual MOs.
For these options to work correctly, user should make sure that XX_STATES requests a sufficient number of states. In case of symmetry, one can request several states in each irrep, but the algorithm will only compute those states which are consistent with the user guess orbitals.
Alternatively, the user can specify an energy shift by EOM_SHIFT. In this case, the solver looks for the XX_STATES eigenstates that are closest to this energy; the guess vectors are generated accordingly, using Koopmans’ theorem. This option is useful when highly excited states (i.e., interior eigenstates) are desired.